A look at the achievements and limitations of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the role of the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP) in addressing global warming.
In 2015, the world witnessed a historic moment as countries came together to sign the Paris Agreement, a landmark accord aimed at combatting climate change. While the agreement was not a panacea for the planet’s environmental woes, it set the stage for subsequent COP meetings and introduced new expectations for global action. As delegates gather in Dubai for the 28th COP, it is crucial to assess the progress made since Paris and the challenges that lie ahead.
Positive Signs: Renewable Energy and Carbon Pricing
One of the most significant advancements since the Paris COP has been the rapid growth of renewable energy. The global installed solar capacity has increased from 230 gigawatts in 2015 to 1,050 GW in 2021. This expansion, coupled with better policies, has contributed to a rise in carbon-pricing schemes, with 23% of greenhouse-gas emissions now covered and an average price per tonne of $32. These developments have led the International Energy Agency to revise its projections, suggesting that carbon-dioxide emissions may peak within a few years.
Paris as a Catalyst for Change
While not solely responsible for these achievements, the Paris Agreement played a crucial role in setting new expectations and making climate action a global priority. By emphasizing the need for net-zero goals and balancing carbon dioxide sources with sinks, the agreement has pushed 101 countries to adopt net-zero targets, up from just one in 2015. COP meetings provide an annual platform for side-agreements and expressions of intent, as seen in recent commitments made by the US and China on methane emissions and renewable energy capacity.
The Limitations of COPs
Despite these positive developments, COP meetings alone cannot save the world from climate change. The investment needed to drive renewable energy growth must come from the private sector, and countries must overhaul energy markets, improve grids, and remove fossil fuel subsidies to attract funds. Moreover, the global climate continues to worsen, with record-breaking temperatures becoming the new norm. The main driver of global warming, the cumulative amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, necessitates further action to reach net-zero emissions.
Exploring Controversial Solutions
To mitigate the effects of climate change, some scientists and policymakers are calling for research into solar geoengineering, a method that involves reducing the amount of sunlight the planet absorbs. While this idea raises concerns, it is worth exploring as part of an international debate on its restrictions and possibilities. Mechanisms for removing carbon dioxide, another critical aspect of climate action, also require attention. To address fears of inadequate action by oil companies, countries must be explicit about their removal plans and separate targets for emissions reductions and removals.
Conclusion:
As the 28th COP takes place, it is essential to acknowledge the progress made since the Paris Agreement while recognizing the challenges that persist. The growth of renewable energy and carbon pricing schemes indicates a positive shift, but more needs to be done to reach net-zero emissions. COP meetings serve as a valuable platform for international cooperation, but they cannot single-handedly solve the climate crisis. The world must continue to push for ambitious climate action, invest in innovative solutions, and engage in robust debates to ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.
Leave a Reply