Proposed changes to grazing practices on Dartmoor spark controversy and debate
The picturesque landscapes of Dartmoor, with its rolling hills and vast moorlands, have long been shaped by the presence of livestock. However, a recent proposal by Natural England to reduce grazing on the moor has ignited a heated debate between conservationists and farmers. While some argue that the reduction in livestock numbers is necessary to restore the moor’s delicate ecology, others fear the impact on their livelihoods. As an independent review examines the issue, the future of Dartmoor hangs in the balance.
The Controversial Proposal and its Backlash
Reaction to Natural England’s proposal was swift and overwhelmingly negative among the farming community. Described as “draconian” and “savage,” farmers voiced concerns that the changes would lead to the rewilding of Dartmoor by the back door. Recognizing the flawed communication of the proposal, Natural England acknowledges the need to learn from the backlash. The farming minister, Mark Spencer, intervened, ordering an independent review led by David Fursdon, which will provide recommendations for a new approach to Dartmoor.
The Value of Livestock on Dartmoor
Contrary to misconceptions, Natural England insists that their intention was never to entirely remove livestock from the land. They recognize the valuable role farmers play as stewards of the land. Sheep, in particular, have been an integral part of Dartmoor’s ecology since prehistoric times. Native Dartmoor breeds, tracing their lineage back to the Iron Age, have traditionally grazed on the moor under a system known as “levancy and couchancy.” This system allowed the moors to regenerate during the winter when sheep were brought down to farmers’ fields.
The Impact of Changing Grazing Practices
Over time, the traditional system was disrupted by the of hardier breeds, such as the Scotch Blackface, which graze year-round. This has resulted in a lack of grass on the commons during winter, forcing sheep to feed on new shoots of bilberry and heather, stunting their growth. Furthermore, the dominance of molinia, or purple moor grass, poses a significant challenge. This invasive species, fueled by historic drainage, nitrogen from fertilizers, and reduced cattle numbers, has transformed large areas of Dartmoor into a species-poor monoculture.
The Complex Balance of Grazing
According to environmental campaigner Tony Whitehead, Dartmoor is both overgrazed and undergrazed. He argues that the landscape should feature bog, blanket bog, dwarf shrub heath, and potential scrub and woodland regeneration. However, due to the dominance of molinia, Dartmoor fails to support its full ecological potential. Whitehead believes that farmers possess the necessary skills to restore Dartmoor’s health, as many of these landscapes are anthropogenic. Grazing with the right animals, in the right places, at the right time of year and in the right numbers is crucial for maintaining healthy heathland.
The Challenges of Communication and Collaboration
The message about the importance of grazing practices on Dartmoor is not always easy to convey. Meetings with commoners to discuss the future of the moor often become heated, reflecting people’s passion for the land. However, this passion also highlights the challenges of finding common ground between conservationists and farmers. While the debate continues, it is clear that indifference towards the fate of Dartmoor is not an option.
The Role of Native Breed Ponies
One potential casualty of the drive to reduce stocking numbers on Dartmoor is the Dartmoor Pony Heritage Trust’s efforts to combat molinia. Since 2008, the trust has introduced native breed ponies to an enclosed site, transforming hillsides covered in molinia into thriving heather and bilberry patches. Observational studies reveal the return of red-listed bird species to the site. The trust emphasizes the historical presence of a diverse mix of animals on Dartmoor and the positive impact it had on the moor’s condition.
Conclusion:
The future of Dartmoor hangs in the balance as an independent review examines the proposed changes to grazing practices. The controversy highlights the delicate balance between conservation and farming, as well as the challenges of communication and collaboration. Dartmoor’s unique landscapes and biodiversity require a thoughtful approach that considers both the ecological needs of the moor and the livelihoods of its farming community. As the review concludes, the fate of Dartmoor will be decided, and its restoration will require a careful balance of tradition, innovation, and collaboration.
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