The world’s largest democracy grapples with the consequences of frequent internet blackouts
India, known for its technological advancements and digital prowess, has also gained notoriety for its frequent internet shutdowns. While the country harnesses the power of connected technology for various aspects of life, including communication, information access, and business transactions, authorities often resort to severing internet service during times of political unrest or sectarian violence. The practice has become a default tool for authorities, leading to significant consequences for millions of people who rely on the internet. This article explores the reasons behind India’s internet shutdowns, the impact on individuals and society, and the implications for the country’s democratic fabric.
Internet Shutdowns: A Disturbing Trend
India leads the world in internet blackouts for the fifth consecutive year
India has consistently topped the list of countries with the highest number of internet shutdowns, according to online freedom monitors Access Now. Out of the 187 shutdowns recorded worldwide last year, 84 occurred in India. The reasons provided by the Indian government for these shutdowns range from protests to the prevention of cheating during exams. However, experts argue that the authorities fail to comprehend the full impact of such actions, leading to dire consequences for the most vulnerable sections of society.
Disproportionate Impact on the Poorest
Human Rights Watch highlights the adverse effects on marginalized communities
Human Rights Watch (HRW) has raised concerns about the disproportionate impact of internet shutdowns on the poorest segments of society. The shutdowns disrupt the government’s online social support systems, leaving the most vulnerable without access to essential services. HRW’s report states that nearly 121 million people were affected by shutdowns in 2022. In a country where the government has emphasized the importance of the internet in every aspect of life through the “Digital India” initiative, the use of shutdowns as a default policing measure contradicts the vision of an inclusive and connected society.
Economic Consequences of Internet Blackouts
The loss of internet access hampers trade and economic growth
The economic impact of internet shutdowns is significant. In Indian-administered Kashmir, a 500-day blackout in 2019 and 2020 resulted in a loss of over $2.4 billion to the local economy. The shutdowns disrupt trade, affecting everyone from market vegetable sellers to larger businesses dependent on online payment apps. The loss of internet access forces individuals and businesses to resort to alternative means, such as traveling long distances to access internet services. Journalists also face challenges in reporting accurately and promptly, as demonstrated during recent protests in Maharashtra state.
The Government’s Justification
Authorities argue that internet cuts curb disinformation and maintain social harmony
The government justifies internet shutdowns as a means to curb the spread of disinformation and rumors on social media platforms. By blocking internet access, authorities aim to prevent the escalation of sectarian conflicts fueled by online posts. External Affairs Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar has dismissed criticism of internet cuts, stating that the focus should be on preventing loss of human life rather than the inconvenience caused by shutdowns. However, advocates for internet access argue that fact-checking and verification primarily occur online, making the internet an essential tool in combating misinformation.
The Ineffectiveness of Shutdowns
Internet blackouts fail to address the root causes of conflict
While internet shutdowns may temporarily slow the spread of hate speech and disinformation, they do not address the underlying causes of conflict. In Manipur, where violence has divided the community along ethnic lines, a tribal leader emphasizes that the internet ban does not solve the core issue. The shutdowns may hinder the dissemination of harmful content, but they do not foster dialogue or address the grievances that fuel unrest. Critics argue that alternative approaches that focus on education, community engagement, and addressing systemic issues are necessary to address the root causes of conflict.
Conclusion:
India’s frequent internet shutdowns have far-reaching consequences for its citizens and society as a whole. While authorities may view them as a necessary tool to maintain order and control disinformation, the impact on individuals, particularly the marginalized, is severe. The economic losses incurred during shutdowns, the hindrance to trade and communication, and the limitations on accurate reporting underscore the need for a reevaluation of this approach. As India continues to strive for digital progress, finding a balance between security concerns and preserving the democratic values of freedom of expression and access to information becomes imperative.
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