A Young Science Writer Sheds Light on the Human Struggle and Environmental Crisis Behind Cocoa Farming in Ghana
In her award-winning essay, 15-year-old Richael Forson, the winner of the 2023 Association of British Science Writers (ABSW) Young Science Writer of the Year award, delves into the challenges her family faced as cocoa farmers in Ghana. Through her personal experience and research, Forson sheds light on the human struggle and environmental crisis that underlies the production of the key ingredient in our beloved chocolate bars.
A Way of Life Threatened by Climate Change
Cocoa farming in West Africa, particularly in Ghana and the Ivory Coast, is more than just a job; it is a way of life for millions of people. However, climate change is wreaking havoc on cocoa plantations, with droughts and unstable weather patterns becoming more frequent. The need for high humidity, abundant rain, nitrogen-rich soil, and constant temperatures is being challenged, forcing farmers to move and contributing to illegal deforestation.
Battling Pests and Diseases
In addition to climate challenges, cocoa farmers face a constant battle against pests and diseases. Pod rots and ants that eat the fruit are just a few examples. The devastating black pod disease, caused by the fungus Phytophthora palmivora, results in significant yield losses and tree deaths. With cocoa trees taking about five years to grow from seed, losing a single tree means losing a substantial number of cocoa pods, further threatening the viability of cocoa farming.
The Environmental Impact of Cocoa Production
While cocoa farming sustains the livelihoods of many farmers and their families, it also contributes to environmental degradation. The expansion of cocoa farms leads to deforestation, exacerbating climate change and disrupting ecosystems. Finding sustainable and ethical solutions that support both the environment and the cocoa farmers is crucial for the long-term viability of cocoa farming.
A Family Legacy of Sustainable Farming
Forson’s grandfather, Nana Kwaku Duah, was not only a cocoa farmer but also a chief farmer in the Ashanti region of Ghana. He advocated for the rights of cocoa farmers and workers, supporting sustainable and economically friendly farming practices. His dedication to improving his own life and the sustainability of his farms serves as an inspiration for the future of cocoa farming.
The Need for Sustainable and Ethical Solutions
The challenges faced by cocoa farmers highlight the urgent need for sustainable and ethical solutions within the industry. Initiatives such as reducing the use of harmful fertilizers and pesticides, supporting reforestation efforts, and implementing fair trade practices can contribute to a more sustainable cocoa farming sector. Consumers also play a crucial role by choosing ethically sourced chocolate and supporting companies that prioritize fair treatment and environmental stewardship.
Conclusion:
The story of Forson’s family sheds light on the hidden struggles and environmental crisis behind the chocolate bars we enjoy. As the demand for chocolate continues to rise, it is essential for us to recognize the challenges faced by cocoa farmers and work towards sustainable and ethical solutions. By supporting fair trade practices and making informed choices as consumers, we can contribute to a future where both the environment and the livelihoods of cocoa farmers are protected.
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