Exploring the influence of Chinese history and philosophy on the current state of affairs in China
To truly understand China and its trajectory in the coming years, it is imperative to delve into its rich history and philosophy. While Western perspectives may provide some insights, relying solely on them leaves us ill-equipped to comprehend the nuances of the world’s newest and oldest superpower. By examining key historical figures and philosophical schools, we can gain a deeper understanding of China’s present-day policies and governance.
Chinese Legalism and the legacy of Shangyang
In 338 BCE, Shangyang, a prominent Chinese jurist, politician, and philosopher, met a gruesome fate for advocating the principle of equality under the law. Shangyang was executed by being dismembered, a punishment reserved for those who challenged the power of the nobility. Shangyang’s philosophy belonged to the school of Chinese Legalism, which emerged during the Warring States Period. This period saw rulers consulting philosophers to improve their governance and gain an advantage over their rivals. Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China, adopted Legalism as the state philosophy, famously employing harsh measures to suppress rival schools of thought.
Deng Xiaoping’s reforms and the growth of corruption
Deng Xiaoping’s economic reforms and the opening of China’s economy have undeniably brought tremendous benefits to the Chinese people. However, rapid and extensive reforms have also led to a significant increase in corruption. Recognizing the threat corruption posed to the Communist Party’s survival, Xi Jinping, China’s current leader, made combating corruption a central part of his agenda. Xi’s admiration for Chinese Legalism is evident in his frequent references to key ancient legalist texts. Like Shangyang, Xi has applied the law to both the powerful and the common citizens, making numerous high-profile arrests and cracking down on corruption. This crackdown has made him popular among the Chinese population.
The persistence of the Chinese bureaucracy and meritocracy
Shangyang’s most significant contribution to Chinese governance was the establishment of a bureaucratic system that aided the emperor in ruling the country. This meritocratic system, which allowed any Chinese citizen to participate in exams and attain high positions in government, has persisted throughout Chinese history. Unlike Mao’s Cultural Revolution, which attacked the bureaucracy, Xi Jinping has strengthened it, aligning with the principles of Legalism. This continuity provides stability and continuity in China’s governance structure.
The future of China – a syncretic model of governance
Chinese history offers insights into the future trajectory of the country. While Xi Jinping is vigilant about maintaining his power, he is also aware of the fate of figures like Shangyang. Many great emperors in Chinese history developed a syncretic model of governance, combining elements of Legalism and Confucianism. Emperor Wu Han Liu and the Tai Gong Emperor of the Tang Dynasty are notable examples. They drew on a wide range of beliefs and religions to understand the world and govern effectively. Xi Jinping has also cited Confucius as a source of good governance. It is likely that Confucianism will regain influence in the future, leading to a less strict enforcement of laws and a return to moral leadership.
Conclusion:
By examining China through the lens of its own history and philosophy, we gain a deeper understanding of its present-day policies and governance. The legacy of figures like Shangyang and the persistence of the Chinese bureaucracy highlight the enduring influence of Chinese Legalism. However, Chinese history also demonstrates the cyclical nature of governance, with syncretic models emerging that combine Legalist and Confucian principles. As China continues to evolve, it is crucial to consider its unique historical and cultural context to comprehend its trajectory in the years to come.
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